Because Advanstar Press ceased publication of Newtekniques Magazine recently, all links to the original articles are down. Due to the number of requests for the content of my Idea Factory and Hear Ye! Hear Ye! columns, and in the interest of making the information in these articles available to the public, I have posted them here through my site. I am told that the original html docs and image files are being released soon. When I get them I will add the extra text and images and the columns will LIVE AGAIN!.
"The battle lines are being drawn,
Nobody's right if everybody's wrong �� "
("For What It's Worth") Buffalo Springfield
Unless you're been living under a rock in the past 6 months, you probably have at least heard of Napster, or the issues surrounding the series of events leading to the creation of Napster.com. In case you haven't heard of Napster, let me bring you up to speed.
First of all - What IS Napster?
THAT depends on who you ask -
According to Napster, it is a web-based search engine utilized for indexing and cataloging MP3 files. It was created by founder Shawn Fanning for the sole and select purpose of sharing his own musical creations with his friends and vice versa. However, fans of the web site rarely use it for this purpose, and instead use it to locate and exchange files of popular recording artists. Napster says they are about enabling amateur and unknown artists to share their music on this new medium. Napster contends their job is not to stop pirating; and have left the policing activities up to the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America).
According to the RIAA, Napster is an illegal online bazaar. They charge that Napster is infringing its members copyrights and encouraging the act of music piracy. RIAA, on behalf of its members, sued Napster because it launched a service that enables and facilitates piracy of music on an unprecedented scale. At any single point in time, hundreds of thousands of users may be logged onto Napster offering millions of pirated sound recordings. According to the RIAA, based on sampling, the overwhelming majority of the MP3 files offered on Napster are infringing -- and they believe Napster knows this and even encourages it. Napster is thus enabling and encouraging the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music. Copyright law has long recognized that someone who materially contributes to infringing activity, with knowledge of that activity, is liable for copyright infringement as if that person did the copying him or herself.
The bottom line here is that we are talking about a technology which in now in place on the Internet which will allow a user to filter through almost a million MP3 files on only one of the more than 100 servers at any given moment. That's roughly 3 Tetrabytes of data, folks ! Five years ago this MP3 compression technology was created but the record companies failed to see it's potential, so they just ignored it. Big mistake! Today, and for the very first time since the inception of the World Wide Web, the most requested key word typed into any search engine on the internet is "MP3" instead of "SEX". Does THAT give you an indication of how large this phenomenon is?
How does Napster work?
Generally speaking, Napster operates an Internet site that allows personal computer users to upload and download digitally recorded music, largely without the permission of the recording artists or their labels. Napster serves as a clearinghouse -- connecting users to computers where songs in the popular MP3 format can be found and downloaded. The Napster site claims 20 million users and hundreds of millions of downloads so far this year. It and some of the other music-sharing services provide online directories to songs through central computers. Others use distributed networks, in which each logged-on user acts as a server. That enables even more connections than directories with a central server. Napster provides advanced search capabilities, as well as direct hyperlinks to the MP3 files housed on its users computers.
The more than 100 central computers used by Napster made the company a clear target for the lawsuit. However, the injunction is likely to have no effect on Gnutella and other decentralized technologies in which song files are traded directly among a constantly changing collection of computer users.
The pity is that the Napster software is designed very well. It is extremely user-friendly and seems almost intuitive at times. The many ways you can search the vast database and ease of retrieval make it an alluring package. Furthermore, the design allows you to chat among all the online users while you are waiting for all your downloads, in effect creating a massive clique of (mostly) teenagers and college students who do not understand all this fuss about copyright infringement. And finally, it's just plain fun to browse through the millions of song and artists, looking for that rare recording of [fill in your own fantasy here]. In my case, I went straight for (and found) Spike Jones, Weird Al Yankovic, Monty Python, Firesign Theater, Dr. Demento, and anything else obscure I could think of.
To be honest, I felt so guilty (like I was in someone's house when they weren't home) about the whole encounter that I rationalized it by telling myself "it was for the article", and I tried to keep my searches confined to really rare archives. That way I didn't feel so "dirty" when I downloaded a Three Stooges clip or Spike Jones & His City Slickers arrangement. After first testing the waters with the easy choices (Elvis, Frank Sinatra, The Beatles, Metallica, Dr. Dre), I then tried my luck at "musical word association". It gave me results in any genre I threw at it. Even titles like "The Wizard of Oz", "James Bond", "Comedy", "TV Tunes", "sound effects" and "Classical" yielded dozens of results.
I spent a week researching the Napster system and ran through countless libraries covering every conceivable configuration of audio soundfiles, much less the enormous catalog of song titles. Only twice did I run across some original music files in someone's folder, and I would always use the instant message function to ask permission to "raid" a fellow musician's files of his original compositions. Napsters install program sets up a file of it's own on your hard drive, so there's little chance of accidentally placing your own music into the public database.
From the Napster site:
Q: We all know that the RIAA is fighting a losing war against something that, quite simply, they can't stop. I personally think the biggest worry RIAA has on this is a threat to the distribution medium on which they depend, not the piracy. MP3 is changing the way music is distributed and they don't see themselves in it. I think there are other ways of curving piracy other than trying to make everything MP3 illegal. Any thoughts on this?
Eileen Richardson (interim CEO, Napster) - Yes, we wanted to and still want to work with them to help them understand that the horse has already left the barn on the MP3 front. They have an opportunity to get in on it now. Copyright laws were created before there was an Internet. So when there are old laws that don't apply to the modern day, usually they eventually catch up.
From the RIAA site:
Q: Is this a lawsuit to stop the use of MP3 technology?
No. The suit is against Napster, the company, and not MP3 technology. Any company that offers to help distribute illegally obtained music is a problem -- whether that music is transmitted on tape, CD, or on the Internet in whatever form. No one is trying to stop technology -- all the RIAA and its members are trying to do is to put a stop to a new high-tech type of theft. Keeping someone from trying to use your ATM card doesn't mean you are trying to stop the use of ATMs.
Q: What about consumers' rights?
This is not a consumer rights issue. There is a big difference between a consumer making a copy
for his or her own personal use, and that same consumer making the file available on Napster where it can be freely downloaded by thousands of people.
Q: Napster's copyright protection page clearly says it revokes the ability of users to access Napster if they violate copyright law. Isn't that enough?
A few words cannot undo the harm caused by hundreds of thousands of Napster users unlawfully downloading millions of infringing music files. In any event, Napster's actions speak louder than its words. Napster is actively encouraging and facilitating the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music. While Napster now claims that it's all about creating a community for the new and unknown artist, that's just made up to try to help them in the litigation. Before this litigation,
Napster was more forthright about its true purpose. On its web site, Napster touted itself as the "world's largest MP3 music library" that "ensures the availability of every song online." Leaving little doubt about its disregard for the unknown artist, Napster boasted that "Napster virtually guarantees you'll find the music you want, when you want it ... and you can forget about wading through page after page of unknown artists." This is unfair to the artists and musicians who have invested time and effort to create music. It is illegal, and wrong. The majority of artists, musicians, and other members of creative professions want to be compensated for their efforts -- and like anyone else who invests hard work and creativity, they have the fundamental right to decide which innovative business models they want to pursue and which they do not.
And how are the courts ruling on all this? Well, most likely by the time you ready this article many new developments will have been encountered. Welcome to the information distribution in this New Millennium! However, at "press time" (even though that is an ancient catch phrase) here are the latest developments:
From Netscape Newservice- SAN FRANCISCO -- A federal judge ordered music-swapping company Napster to halt the trading of copyrighted material, angering fans around the globe. The injunction symbolizes a pivotal moment in the historic case, one of the first legal confrontations between Internet technologies and the rights of intellectual property holders. Two federal appeals court judges on Friday (7/28) granted Napster Inc. a stay allowing the music-trading business to stay online -- at least for the time being. Napster would have been shut down at 3 a.m. EDT Saturday (7/29) after a lower court sided with the recording industry, which sued Napster, claiming it allowed users to infringe on recording artists' and companies' copyrights and threatens their business. Friday's ruling allows Napster to remain in operation until the case goes to trial. No trial date has yet been set.
RIAA President Hilary Rosen was disappointed with Napster's last-minute reprieve but issued a statement saying: "We remain confident that the (9th U.S. Circuit) Court will ultimately affirm once it has had an opportunity to review the facts and the law." Napster founder Shawn Fanning said he was "grateful that we do not have to turn away our 20 million users."
In issuing Wednesday's injunction, U.S. District Judge Marilyn Patel said Napster "is enjoined from causing, assisting, facilitating, copying, or otherwise distributing all copyrighted songs or musical compositions. If you design a site designed to enable infringement, you can't stand by and claim you don't know what's going on."
What do the artists think about Napster?
Ron Stone (who represents Tracy Chapman, Bonnie Raitt, Ziggy Marley, and others) calls Napster "the most insidious web site I've ever seen."
Scott Stapp (lead singer for Creed) says Napster is "robbing me blind."
Simon Renshaw (personal manager of the Dixie Chicks) said, "While there are great efforts being made to ensure that the rights of the artists and songwriters are protected, Napster's apparent way of doing business sets those efforts way back."
Rusty Harmon, who represents Hootie & the Blowfish, said "this type of Web site makes us sick."
Gary Falcon, who represents Travis Tritt, Michael Peterson, Christy Sutherland and others, said Napster "threatens the whole artist community with its irresponsible actions."
Rock icon and Internet media whizkid Todd Rundgren says "Napster is the most transparently illegal thing that I've ever seen on the Web".
So what will the outcome be of all this? Well, MY slant on it is that there two legitimate sides to the issue:
1) I understand and to a certain point sympathize with the Napster community that a new model of music distribution is needed, given the power of Internet "instant gratification". However, it would be unfair to assume those artists and songwriters should give up their just dues in the form of publishing royalties. It appears the current generation of Internet music lovers are attempting to boycott "legitimate" channels of music distribution, but IMHO this will not accomplish the intended goal.
2) The future of music and movie distribution WILL be on the Internet, and as the old methods of content distribution move away from physical media, a re-defining of the business structure will have to follow. Today's legal decisions will be tomorrow's excess baggage if hasty actions force askew measures. But in the end, some form of control MUST be encouraged on behalf of the writer. Perhaps a simple system of "pay per download" could be adopted.
Napster, and other peer-to-peer file-sharing technologies, will eventually become central components of the music business. Record companies will "seek some system in which the operators of the technologies voluntarily seek licensing arrangements with respect to the music transmitted," according to one American University expert.
"Ultimately, the big question from the industry's perspective will be when the artists have total control and the ability to distribute their music and don't need the record companies any more," said Jonathan Tankel, an associate professor of communication at Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne in Indiana. As the artists become savvier, there is the possibility of a democratization of the industry where the recording companies could become obsolete. As such, the record companies "have bigger problems than Napster, but this is the one that's in front of them," Tankel said.
I just received my most recent issue of Gig Magazine on Friday (7/28). The cover reads, in huge type: "It's Over!" The secondary heading reads "Major Labels fall to Online Music Distribution" The entire issue is filled with articles on this issue. Editor Bill Evans sums it all up by boldly stating that the "thing we call copyright is dead". In the coming months you will see more and more reporting on this delicate issue. The August issue of YAHOO! Internet Life magazine has no less than 22 pages covering many facets of the Napster and MP3 technology if you desire more information on the subject.
So, while the current copyright laws are not dead YET, they ARE mortally wounded and it's just a matter of time before a new copyright model will be implemented. The Napster suit is just the lid popping off Pandora's Box. What will follow in the next few months will be the wake caused by these decisions made today. Nothing less than a revolution in music distribution and artist royalties is in the works. H-m-m-m-m��. "A Revolution"..���� Does that sound familiar ??
Bob Ketchum, the Minister of Musical, reminds the reader that not all can be bought with a song
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